a. Athleticism of female athletes tends to be overemphasized. Brown, R., Croizet, J.-C., Bohner, G., Fournet, M., & Payne, A. According to the textbook, what can we conclude about the patterns of segregation in the United States? a. We tend to see people who belong to the same social group as more similar than they actually are, and we tend to judge people from different social groups as more different than they actually are. a. boys and girls were equally likely to be shown performing physical activities. Question 1 Which 3 statements regarding subaccounts are true? 1.) Then the participants categorize the photos (Is this picture a picture of a man or a woman?) and answer questions about the stereotypes (Is this the word strong?) Marissa is interviewing a woman who has come in for help with her bills and job-readiness training. a. laws limiting the rights of blacks in the South after the Civil War Confusing one person with another: What errors reveal about the elementary forms of social relations. Annual non-discrimination testing is required for a plan that integrates with Social Security. b. One common measure involves asking participants to take a seat on a chair near a person from a different racial or ethnic group and measuring how far away the person sits (Sechrist & Stangor, 2001; Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974). Immigrants to the United States from 1820 to 1880 were mostly from d. Latin America. c. Middle Easterners are white and North Africans are nonwhite. Social judgeability: The impact of meta-informational cues on the use of stereotypes. Alec was excited that he made it to the finals in swimming. c. Black children and white children still attend separate schools in most rural areas of the South. a. white men and women For instance, when a math task is described as diagnostic of intelligence, Latinos and particularly Latinas perform more poorly than do Whites (Gonzales, Blanton, & Williams, 2002). b. 29. Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is CORRECT? a. one-half of the girls heard discouraging, sexist comments about their science, math or athletic c. hostile; modern than those who are not employed. In these procedures, participants are asked to make a series of judgments about pictures or descriptions of social groups and then to answer questions as quickly as they can, but without making mistakes. c. 41 percent Guia de Estudio - Study Guide: Term 1 Test, Avancemos 2 Unidad 2 Leccin 2 (Vocabulario), John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology, Applied Calculus for the Managerial, Life, and Social Sciences, Global Procurement and Strategic Sourcing (2), Measurements (e.g., weight, height, blood pressure). Shortening the project by assigning more resources to one or more of the critical tasks is called "project crashing." (1993). women. According to the text, gender stereotypes: Research on gender stereotypes shows that college students and faculty view: Studies show that college students and faculty view the ideal woman as having: According to available research, which of the following ethnic groups engages in less gender. Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? A basic prediction of social categorization theory is that . Asymmetric search of individuating information about stereotyped group members. d. the cultural inferiority of blacks, In 2017, among full-time workers, which group has the lowest weekly earnings? C. One's behavior is independent of societal expectations and roles. Question: 3 points Save Answer Question 14 Which of the following statements regarding retirement trends is correct The savings rate in the United States has consistently been decreasing over the last 30 years. c. victim. The stereotypes are pictures in our heads of the social groups (Lippman, 1922). c. Authoritarianism reflects patterns of thought in general rather than a particular personality type. One of the long-standing puzzles in the area of academic performance concerns why Black students perform more poorly on standardized tests, receive lower grades, and are less likely to remain in school in comparison with White students, even when other factors such as family income, parents education, and other relevant variables are controlled. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 819833. c. increase tax breaks to Black churches. B) The simpler the category, the less likely we are to use prototype theory. b. discrimination. d. The majority of teen magazines for girls focus on self and career development more than on Southern and Eastern Europe. a. immigration. Its just easier, because the stereotypes are matched or associated with the pictures in a way that makes sense. A developmental intergroup theory of social stereotypes and prejudice. b. discrimination. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 371383. partnership was denied on the basis of her gender. c. segregation. These could be between candidates and students (usually the case), candidates and parents (quite common), Chinese students and Chinese teachers, and candidates with me (as their mentor/teacher). diffusion of ability, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson. This truth may come in part from the roles that individuals play in society. Based on research presented in the Stereotypes are frequently expressed on TV, in movies, and in chat rooms and blogs, and we learn a lot of our beliefs from these sources. It outlawed the racial segregation of lunch counters and other public places. a. 4 A girl and a boy who both like jogging fall in love. Lee, Y. T., Jussim, L. J., & McCauley, C. R. (1995). Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The study of neuroendocrinology examines how the brain and ________ work together to coordinate the physiological functioning of the body., According to one model, stress is the result of systemic activation of the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the ________. This shows that b. Martin Luther King Jr. In most cultures, men are more likely to be in higher-status occupations, such as doctors and lawyers, whereas women are more likely to play the role of homemakers and child-care workers. Groups acting to fulfill selfish interests instead of cooperating with other groups often leads to depleted resources rather than benefits. a. d. Mexican Americans. c. In explaining racial inequality between Blacks and whites, class disadvantages are more significant than racism. 44; 22 B. Out of mind but back in sight: Stereotypes on the rebound. Orlando, FL: Academic Press. d. Ireland; urban. For instance, the stereotypes (which are held by many people) that women are nurturing and that men are dominant may occur in part because, on average, men and women find themselves in different social roles within a culture (Eagly & Steffen, 1984). 17. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(2), 215224. Furthermore, the categories are arranged such that the responses to be answered with the left and right buttons either fit with (match) the stereotype or do not fit with (mismatch) the stereotype. Alex says, "That man is incredibly rude." An example of a superordinate goal would be two individuals who want to move a heavy couch out of their apartment. We begin to respond to members of stereotyped categories as if we already knew what they were like. Linville, P. W., Salovey, P., & Fischer, G. W. (1986). III. b. Joe Feagin A. social inequality New York, NY: Doubleday. b. Well-meaning comments are never insulting. Which of the following is an example of a sexist experience? b. serve to justify and maintain patriarchal social structures. Based on your knowledge of social psychology, which phenomenon may have contributed to the errant putt? Jussim, L., Robustelli, S. L., & Cain, T. R. (2009). d. b and c, In examining women's sexuality in music and music videos, which of the following statements d. all of the above. At the last second, one of Reggie's teammates misses a shot that costs his team the game. d. generalization. d. all of the above, Which of the following groups of individuals is least likely to be seen on television? Now, rather than perceiving themselves as members of two different groups (men versus women), John and Sarah might suddenly perceive themselves as members of the same social category (students at their college). Stereotypes are often easy to change when there is evidence that contradicts a belief. Thirty years of investigating the own-race bias in memory for faces: A meta-analytic review. Women who participate in traditional feminine sports such as tennis or gymnastics get more The representation also includes one image (or exemplar) of a particular college professor whom the student knows. Gender stereotypes stem from the distribution of women and men into social roles. Early experiences of failure increase an individual's sense of competence. Brian's In one of the experimental conditions, participants simply saw six lines, whereas in the other condition, the lines were systematically categorized into two groupsone comprising the three shorter lines and one comprising the three longer lines. b. higher rates of known health risks 3 One confederate gave a correct response. During the next vote, Belinda changes her vote from guilty to not guilty. d. Neighborhood segregation remains especially high in metropolitan areas. d. all of the above, Which of the following is not true of media portrayals of women and men? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(6), 10661079. Gender stereotyping research that focused on social class has found that: a. the social categorization perspective. Review the ways that stereotypes influence our behavior. (2003). c. There is no such thing as racial microaggressions. d) Secondary research is cheaper than primary research. 2 It is deliberate and conscious. Social identity, self-categorization, and the perceived homogeneity of ingroups and outgroups: The interaction between social motivation and cognition. C. categorization a. transference. Survey 2 is either a 15-statement integrity survey adapted from Becker and Ulstad's (2007) 20-statement survey or a 14-statement driving skill survey adapted from Clapp et al. Brian believes that gender discrimination is no longer a problem in society. Ethnic and national stereotypes: The Princeton trilogy revisited and revised. Other indirect measures of prejudice are also frequently used in social psychological research, for instanceassessing nonverbal behaviors such as speech errors or physical closeness. For most of the period of European expansion, Europeans believed themselves to be superior to the people they colonized and conquered. c. assimilation. Of course, you may think that you personally do not behave in these ways, and you may not. d. 75 percent, Blacks account for roughly ______ of the U.S. population and ______ of chief executives. b. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? 262 courses. a. stress It is the largest part of the diencephalon and serves as a relay station to all the main sensory tracts (except the olfactory pathways). a. the history of racial segregation d. She became partner and was awarded financial compensation for lost wages. Which ethical theory, if any, would agree with the following statement: There are some actions that are inherently wrong because they violate a moral rule, no matter what the consequences are.. Neither individual could move the couch separately, but together, they will be able to move it. 4 situational. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). c. Few whites benefit from white privilege. 4 "She did a good job because she's talented. Aboud, F. E., & Doyle, A.-B. Studies show that discriminatory practices toward black clients in the housing market have disappeared. There are several pairs of terms for females and males that have the same objective meaning B. a. Mexicans social impairment What were the "black codes"? Shelley Taylor and her colleagues (Taylor, Fiske, Etcoff, & Ruderman, 1978) showed their research participants a slide and tape presentation of three male and three female college students who had supposedly participated in a discussion group. Which of the following is not an assumption of the social categorization perspective on On the way home, Reggie and his other teammates blame the loss solely on the player who missed the last minute shot. Because Black students are aware of the (inaccurate) stereotype that Blacks are intellectually inferior to Whites, this stereotype might create a negative expectation, which might interfere with their performance on intellectual tests through fear of confirming that stereotype. The bogus pipeline procedure suggests that people may frequently mask their negative beliefs in publicpeople express more prejudice when they are in the bogus pipeline than they do when they are asked the same questions more directly. d. a and b, Which of the following statements regarding the portrayal of women of color on television is/are Because stereotypes and prejudice often operate out of our awareness, and also because people are frequently unwilling to admit that they hold them, social psychologists have developed methods for assessing them indirectly. Psychological Bulletin, 112(3), 536552. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). c. Both of the above ", Which of the following is an example of spotlighting? b. some traits are not uniformly applied to women in diverse ethnic groups. "Female professor receives prestigious grant." c. discrimination. I used this code when statements . On the 72nd hole of the U.S. Open golf tournament, Phil Mickelson misses a one-foot putt that would have won the championship. c. the social categorization perspective. Her case was appealed to the Supreme Court. The presence of these outsiders might change the direction of social categorization entirely, leading both John and Sarah to think of themselves as students at their own college. The participants were shown the list of all the statements that had been made, along with the pictures of each of the discussion group members, and were asked to indicate who had made each of the statements. I think you would agree that you are more likely to categorize yourself as a member of your college or university when your basketball or football team has just won a really important game, or at your commencement day ceremony, than you would on a normal evening out with your family. d. a and b, Older women who appear on TV are often depicted: Teacher expectations and self-fulfilling prophecies. a. aggregation. c) the real, imagined, or implied presence of others. Manipulations that affirm positive characteristics about oneself or ones group are successful at reducing stereotype threat (Alter, Aronson, Darley, Rodriguez, & Ruble, 2010; Greenberg et al., 2003; McIntyre, Paulson, & Lord, 2003). b. d. Neither of the above, The birth congratulations card study found that b. nationalism. a. unmarried women. Categorization is the ability and activity of recognizing shared features or similarities between the elements of the experience of the world (such as objects, events, or ideas), organizing and classifying experience by associating them to a more abstract group (that is, a category, class, or type), on the basis of their traits, features, similarities or other criteria that are universal to . Indeed, social categorization occurs so quickly that people may have difficulty not thinking about others in terms of their group memberships (see Figure 12.3). Reggie and his family are well off financially. d. It outlawed discrimination in the rental or purchase of homes. Which of these four statements about self-report measures of attitude are correct? b. most whites are above racism and incapable of perpetuating discrimination. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Alleviating womens mathematics stereotype threat through salience of group achievements. C. The point at which sales revenue equals contribution margin. 2 the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. You want to visit Argentina, but your attitude about Argentina is changing as you read the news about the kidnappings that have occurred there. a. some traits are associated with all women, regardless of their ethnicity. Once we begin to see the members of outgroups as more similar to each other than they actually are, it then becomes very easy to apply our stereotypes to the members of the groups without having to consider whether the characteristic is actually true of the particular individual. The point at which operating income is equal to $0. But when the images are arranged such that the women and the strong categories are on the same side, whereas the men and the weak categories are on the other side, most participants make more errors and respond more slowly. According to the U.S. Census, are people with origins in the Middle East and North Africa white? This is an example of If police officers were actually not that knowledgeable about the city layout, then using this categorization would not be informative. Which group of Americans has the highest college graduation rate? 2 pages. It turns out that John does not think there should be a womens studies program at the college, and he tells Sarah so. Is your behavior fair or unfair to the people you are categorizing? b. parents perceive newborn daughters as more delicate and weaker than newborn sons. c. benevolent sexism. Chapter 2: Social Learning and Social Cognition, Chapter 5: Attitudes, Behavior, and Persuasion, Chapter 11: Working Groups: Performance and Decision Making, Chapter 12: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination, Chapter 13: Competition and Cooperation in Our Social Worlds, Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students, Next: 12.2 Ingroup Favoritism and Prejudice, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. 13 percent; 3 percent b. Germany; urban All of the following statements concerning the Social Security system are correct EXCEPT: The Social Security retirement benefit is payable at normal retirement age with reduced benefits available as early as age 59 , to anyone who has obtained at least . See Page 1. One day, the power goes out. d. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of overt racism. b. Puerto Ricans (2006). 3 We are more likely to attribute another's behavior to internal rather than to situational causes. (B) Policy dividends affect the cost of virtually all insurance policies issued today. 5 b. Americans thinks his mother would be unable to deal with the situation and he wants to shield her from pain. (2011). b. Which of the following illustrates the power of complementary traits? Outline your answers clearly a. Germany; rural a. Authoritarianism is not a characteristic of personality but reflects the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. Schmader, T., Johns, M., & Forbes, C. (2008). Butz, D. A., & Plant, E. A. In addition to learning less about them because we see and interact with them less, we routinely categorize outgroup members, thus making them appear more cognitively similar (Haslam, Oakes, & Turner, 1996). b. prejudice There are two rival pet stores located across the street from each other. Even Black people themselves respond more quickly to positive words that are associated with White rather than Black faces on the IAT, suggesting that they have subtle racial prejudice toward Blacks. Give one example of a superordinate goal. Although either individual could afford to purchase a generator individually, they agree to split the cost of a generator because they love fish more than they dislike each other. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33(3), 331343. Stereotype threat is not, however, absolutewe can get past it if we try. text, which of the following titles would be most helpful to her? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 4855. If employees receive a contribution of 3% of total compensation, then an . c. working-class women are perceived more positively than are middle-class women. a. ability D. slow. Bigler, R. S., & Liben, L. S. (2006). involvement What does GDP measure, and why is it important? IV. b. essentialism. In these cases, your membership as a university student is simply more salient and important than it is every day, and you are more likely to categorize yourself accordingly. C) Social categorization is an automatic and unconscious process.